The answer is "maybe". Some boost libraries will work with exceptions disabled - some will not. Same for RTTI.
I suggest you check the documentation for the particular boost libraries that you are interested in.
For example, Boost.Array will work with exceptions disabled, but Boost.Format will not.
If you are getting messages like cannot use typeid with -fno-rtti, that will probably be while compiling some part of Boost that requires RTTI. Where the error occurs will tell you which library (usually).
You can try BOOST_NO_RTTI and BOOST_NO_TYPEID ...
http://www.boost.org/doc/libs/1_46_1/libs/exception/doc/configuration_macros.html