I was/am looking for such a thing too but this is simply not really possible because you will need a fully functional DNS server for this. A fully decoupled system is necessary. You can achieve this via the virtualization-maven-plugin and a group of virtual machines in VirtualBox with an internal network.
LDAP servers won't help you at all because they do absolutely nothing with GSS-API and Kerberos. SASL does everything by delegating auth to the next available KDC.
You need KDC and DNS server. You may try Samba 4 on one machine, setup a second one which joins
the domain. Install Hadoop on it, add a third one (client), join and run tests from there.
It seems like you can have Apache DS mimic a KDC: http://directory.apache.org/apacheds/configuration/ads-2.0-configuration.html