I'm struggling with the exact same problem. When I backup the Uint8Array with an ArrayBuffer, it does work in both Safari and Chrome (not tested in other browsers yet) but Chrome prints a warning message. Chrome says I have to wrap ArrayBuffer in a DataView before passing it to Blob() constructor.
// write the bytes of the string to an ArrayBuffer
var ab = new ArrayBuffer(byteString.length);
var ia = new Uint8Array(ab);
for (var i = 0; i < byteString.length; i++) {
ia[i] = byteString.charCodeAt(i);
}
new Blob([ab], {type: mimeString});
Edit
The exact Chrome deprecation message is:
ArrayBuffer values are deprecated in Blob Constructor. Use
ArrayBufferView instead.