No, clustering by users and items are separate processes. Though in spirit it's exactly the same process, just applied two different ways.
If you want more specific answers within Mahout you'd have to say more about what parts of the code you are using because there are several different parts that involve clustering.
There are some agglomerative clustering pieces in the project, which works for any similarity metric. The other implementations that I know of are definitely of the "k-means" variety, assuming a continuous vector space and not vectors over {0,1}. You would need a k-medoids kind of algorithm I think and this isn't in the project that I know of.