The preferred answer by Sibirman will only return the raw query for the view. User-specified filters are actually appended to the URL (as part of the InplviewHash string) when a user applies a filter action.
e.g. #InplviewHashf16272c0-c177-42d7-9638-35fd75c90348=WebPartID%3D%7BF16272C0--C177--42D7--9638--35FD75C90348%7D-FilterField1%3DProjectRef-FilterValue1%3DProject%25201-FilterField2%3DAddress-FilterValue2%3DPilbara
There are functions within INPLVIEW.js and other SP JavaScript files in /_layouts that include functions for decoding this and re-initialising the view but I wasn't able to decipher it all.
DecodeHashAsQueryString and InitGridFromView are a good place to start.
I wound up writing my own code to check for the hash string and then strip out the key/value pairs.
var uri = window.location.href;
var hashIndex = uri.search("#");
var filter = false;
if (hashIndex == -1) {
// Wasn't found
alert('No filters applied!');
// ...go with default query.
} else {
// # found. Get hashstring
var hashStr = uri.substring(hashIndex);
newStr = DecodeHashAsQueryString(hashStr);
var trStr = newStr.substring(newStr.indexOf("FilterField"));
var retStr = trStr.replace(/%3D|&/g,",").replace(/%2520/g," ");
retStr = retStr.replace(/FilterField[0-9]+,|FilterValue[0-9]+,/g,"")
var filtArray = retStr.split(','); // "MyField1","MyValue1",...
And applying them to my own query which doesn't include limits, so all items are returned that meet the filter criteria.
If you want to handle fields other than text opr choice, you'd need to take it a step further and get the field type so you can modify the query’s value type for each field as required.