Yes, but you'll need a startup task to do this. Here is what you'll do to stop and disable the Telephony service:
sc.exe stop TapiSrv
sc.exe config TapiSrv start= disabled
As you can see I'm not using the display name (Telephony) but I'm using the service name (TapiSrv). If you want to get a list of service names for your system you can simply execute this command (in Azure you can do this via RDP):
sc.exe query
Executing this command will also give you the state of the service (running, ...).
Note: When calling sc.exe config you need to put a space after the equals sign.
Note: Stopping services can take some time, so I suggest you use a background task to stop/disable the services, in order to keep the startup time of your instance to a minimum.