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I am trying to make software install to a specific directory. I found several ways, but not sure what are the differences between them.

  1. ./configure --prefix=***
  2. make install DESTDIR=***
  3. make install prefix=***

I am confused about the functions of these three. Do they achieve the same goal?

John Kugelman
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Sean
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3 Answers3

251

./configure --prefix=***

Number 1 determines where the package will go when it is installed, and where it will look for its associated files when it is run. It's what you should use if you're just compiling something for use on a single host.

make install DESTDIR=***

Number 2 is for installing to a temporary directory which is not where the package will be run from. For example this is used when building deb packages. The person building the package doesn't actually install everything into its final place on his own system. He may have a different version installed already and not want to disturb it, or he may not even be root. So he uses

./configure --prefix=/usr

so the program will expect to be installed in /usr when it runs, then

make install DESTDIR=debian/tmp

to actually create the directory structure.

make install prefix=***

Number 3 is going to install it to a different place but not create all the directories as DESTDIR=/foo/bar/baz would. It's commonly used with GNU stow via

./configure --prefix=/usr/local && make && sudo make install prefix=/usr/local/stow/foo

, which would install binaries in /usr/local/stow/foo/bin. By comparison,

make install DESTDIR=/usr/local/stow/foo

would install binaries in /usr/local/stow/foo/usr/local/bin.

Taimoor Zaeem
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Alan Curry
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    For what it's worth, in a cmake-based build you can emulate "case 4" (for stow, etc) by running `cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/foo/bar/baz -P cmake_install.cmake` in the build directory. – Ryan Pavlik Sep 06 '12 at 17:12
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    @JackKelly: Thanks! I've been using DESTDIR with GNU stow and have had to fix-up the directory structure with a `mv usr/local/* . && rmdir usr/local && rmdir usr` typically -- using `prefix=` is much better! – thinkski Aug 24 '14 at 07:35
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    Note: some software doesn't support `DESTDIR=/tmp/foo make install` ; for cmake based projects, I had more luck with `cmake -DCMAKE_INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/test1 -P cmake_install.cmake` which installs to `/tmp/foo/{bin,...}` ; see https://github.com/opencv/opencv/issues/11833#issuecomment-401164056 for an example. – timotheecour Jun 28 '18 at 20:37
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    One more note: `DESTDIR` and `prefix` can be used on `make install` together, i.e. `make install DESTDIR=/foo/bar/tmp perfix=/local`. – albert Apr 01 '19 at 07:40
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    So if I run `./configure --prefix=path1` and then `make install prefix=path2`, `path2` overrides `path1`, right? Is there any other differences between `path1` and `path2`? – Филя Усков Jun 09 '21 at 08:56
3

This can help illustrating the use of DESTDIR and --prefix (from here):

Multiple installs using --prefix and DESTDIR:

Sepcify a different --prefix location/option for each build - at configure time. For eg:

untar petsc tar ball
./configure --prefix=/opt/petsc/petsc-3.9.0-mpich --with-mpi-dir=/opt/mpich
make
make install DESTDIR=/tmp/petsc-pkg
untar petsc tar ball
./configure --prefix=/opt/petsc/petsc-3.9.0-openmpi --with-mpi-dir=/opt/openmpi
make
make install DESTDIR=/tmp/petsc-pkg
sancho.s ReinstateMonicaCellio
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  • In case the ./configure file is not provided, one can still install to user-specific directory using: make prefix=/path/to/your/lib/libaio install – Good Will Dec 30 '18 at 22:24
0

From openssl/INSTALL

Package builders who want to configure the library for standard locations, but have the package installed somewhere else so that it can easily be packaged, can use

$ make INSTALL_PREFIX=/tmp/package-root install

(or specify "--install_prefix=/tmp/package-root" as a configure option). The specified prefix will be prepended to all installation target filenames.

This is non-standard but INSTALL_PREFIX is used in some other programs.

This works for OpenSSL versions before 1.1.x. OpenSSL 1.1.x and later are able to recognize usual DESTDIR.

kyb
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