Deleted Subversion branches should be preserved on Git; if you're seeing them disappear, I'd expect that's some bug with how you're using git-svn.
You will occasionally get strange behaviour where someone deletes a branch in the Subversion repository then recreates it, but this will simply result in oddly named Git branches such as remotes/branch_name@2312
, so Git can keep track of the branch before it was deleted in Subversion as well as the new branch.
That said, cloning a Subversion repository to Git does lose information. Git-svn is a tool for using Git with Subversion, it doesn't provide a perfect one-to-one mapping between Git and Subversion. In particular, the only Subversion property that git-svn maintains is svn:executable, and it will handle certain simple cases where it sees svn:merge-info changes.