MonetDB seems to support a fairly comprehensive set of system catalog views in order to discover the schema structure of the database. Unfortunately, I can't seem to find a SQL query that will obtain the set of columns for a given key or index. Here are the system tables/views are reported by the Tables table:
schemas types functions args sequences dependencies connections _tables _columns keys idxs triggers objects tables columns db_user_info users user_role auths privileges queryhistory callhistory querylog systemfunctions
I tried dependencies, but the IDs don't seem to match up. BTW, I did try looking in the source code, but I haven't yet found where the system views are created and maintained.