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Once seen on TV, a woman interviewed on why she avoids having a biopsy for her suspected cancer, claiming that a biopsy will only accelerate it, thus more dangerous than beneficial.

Searching for a source of such a claim, I've found this:

Sadly many have been led to believe that early cancer screening will save their lives, nothing could be further from the truth. In fact biopsies often are instrumental in seeding the cancer elsewhere in the body. Thus accelerating cancer growth (metastasis) that was once contained by body and may have been slow progressing as is often the case. Clearly this is very dangerous yet most will subject themselves vily nily to this procedure in the misguided faith in the early detection myth... Any advantage one gets from early detection has now become a liability as cancer growth rate has accelerated often to the point that the patient has now become an emergency case.

Which also references this article:

Even though cancer is considered abnormal and rapid growth of cells, the entire mass of a cancer is normally rather slow growing -- because it is "encased." It grows inside a wall, or shell. The body is trying to protect itself from the cancer -- because cancer would otherwise spread throughout the body. So, the body tries to protect itself by building a wall around the cancer to keep any of its cells from "leaking out." (Actually, some cancers are very slow-growing [breast and prostate] while others are very fast [liver cancer].)

However these claims seem to be controversial, as doctors still doing biopsies routinely.

Sklivvz
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KMoraz
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2 Answers2

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It is possible for a biopsy to spread cancer, however this is rare and it would not be accurate to describe a biopsy as "very dangerous".

PubMed articles:

Rare potential complications of thyroid fine needle biopsy

needle track seeding (or tumor dissemination) is very rare in vivo. Tumor cells released into the surrounding tissues or circulation after FNB are probably destroyed by the host immune response or other mechanisms before giving rise to clinically apparent metastases.

Fine-Needle Aspiration Biopsy of Hepatocellular Carcinoma and Related Hepatocellular Nodular Lesions in Cirrhosis: Controversies, Challenges, and Expectations

The most contentious complication cited by detractors of the technique is the risk of needle-tract seeding turning a potentially operable case of HCC to a metastatic state. Risk of implantation metastases after biopsy for malignancy in general is considered rare (0.003–0.009%);

Tom77
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  • These are specific types of cancer found in their non metastatic locations, specifically liver and thyroid. Other types of cancers and biopsy procedures have different risks. While I agree that the quotes infer an exaggerated risk your generalized summary provided in your first sentence needs more support. – Chad Feb 23 '12 at 16:37
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    Good answer: specific studies are more convincing than logic. – Sklivvz Feb 23 '12 at 16:38
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I think this link perfectly addresses cancer metastatis

Metastatic cancer is cancer that has spread from the place where it first started to another place in the body. A tumor formed by metastatic cancer cells is called a metastatic tumor or a metastasis. The process by which cancer cells spread to other parts of the body is also called metastasis.

And

Not all cancer cells, by themselves, have the ability to metastasize. In addition, the noncancerous cells at the original location may be able to block cancer cell metastasis.

But basically some cells can relocate. Almost all cancer types can spread.

The biopsy is used because it is a way to extract the cells from the body to study them. There is not enough known about all cancers that research is needed.

But the biopsy may cause cells to enter the bloodstream and allow them to form a Metastatic tumor elsewhere in the body. But sometimes the value of the biopsy results are worth the risk when it will provide a proper treatment program.

I would also note that biopsy is just one of many diagnostic procedures that can be performed.

Chad
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  • It doesn't discuss whether biopsies has any affect on spreading the cancer – KMoraz Feb 22 '12 at 21:55
  • @kmoraz I have completed the answer. As an FYI I know several doctors who consider the biopsy the last resort for diagnosing cancer. One of them saved my mother from stage 4 breast cancer. – Chad Feb 22 '12 at 21:59
  • Although I’m fairly certain that this assessment of the risks/benefits of biopsies is correct based on what I’ve been told by cancer researchers, the claims are still not properly referenced. – Konrad Rudolph Feb 22 '12 at 22:41
  • @KonradRudolph - It is explained in the 2 links. I am not sure what claim you consider unreferenced. Unless you are saying the US HHS government site is not reliable... I Am willing to accept that designation :) Though in this case the write up is accurate with what was communicated by the doctors. – Chad Feb 23 '12 at 13:36
  • @Chad I don’t see it. The first link doesn’t mention biopsy, the second doesn’t mention metastases, or indeed any risks of biopsies. – Konrad Rudolph Feb 23 '12 at 14:06
  • The second link addresses why biopsies are used. The first talks about how they spread. No neither link directly says biopsies can cause cancer to spread but the first link talks about how the cells enter the body. If you really want I will look up and get some some biopsy links that talk about what happens in a biopsy. But I think there is enough in the link to infer that an invasive procedure that takes part of tumor has a risk of some cells entering the bloodstream. – Chad Feb 23 '12 at 14:21