Wikipedia seems to claim so citing a single study:
The study "Divergent Consequences of Success and Failure in Japan and North America: An Investigation of Self-improving Motivations and Malleable Selves" (2001) indicated that Japanese people tended to underestimate their abilities, and tended to see underachievement (failure) as an opportunity to improve their abilities at a given task, thereby increasing their value to the social group
I'm betting there have been other studies of the Dunning-Kruger effect since 2001 in Japan. So is the highlighted conclusion of the aforementioned paper still true?