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NetworkMarketShare claims that, as of July 2016 (after the free upgrade cutoff), Windows 7 still beat Windows 10 in terms of market share by over 20%.

Pie-chart of OS marketshares Is this analysis that the Windows 7, which is at least two releases out of date, still retains 47% of the desktop market share?

Oddthinking
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Anoplexian
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    Windows 8 was, by all accounts, a horrible disappointment, and 8.1 only a marginal improvement. Much more concerning is that even *combined* they have less market share than windows XP -- despite the latter being officially end-of-life and no longer supported. – Shadur Aug 30 '16 at 09:27
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    This is not actually surprising - a lot of people are stuck in the "the one I already use is better" mentality and didn't upgrade to Win10. Win7 took a while to dethrone XP, too! – T. Sar Aug 30 '16 at 13:13
  • I used to be an early adopter, but now I find it's generally much less aggravating to stay a version behind, sometimes two versions behind if MS lays an egg. – Joe L. Aug 30 '16 at 23:03
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    Don't forget enterprise computers. Those can't be easily updated by the user themselves, could break specialty software, or simply had so much bureaucratic tape that the company was only rolling out its Windows 7 upgrade even as Windows 10 was just released. I can't find a source for this so I won't say it officially, but I'd wager there are more enterprise PCs running Windows than there are personal-use PCs. – Jimmy M. Sep 01 '16 at 13:43
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    And don't forget embedded systems. Often (not sure if that's the case here) such numbers include e.g. ATMs, airport and train station information kiosks and screens, etc. etc. which tend to run very old versions of Windows simply because they're never upgraded, only replaced and that not often (e.g. a few years ago I saw one in Birmingham where the software had crashed showing a Windows Vista boot screen). – jwenting Sep 02 '16 at 08:58
  • @jwenting Microsoft do not have much of a share in embedded systems, so this will not skew the results. It is just that Microsoft's Windows 8 and Windows 10 suck more than Windows 7. (also people may be replacing computer less frequently these days, as moor's law seems to be coming to an end). – ctrl-alt-delor Apr 09 '17 at 13:35
  • If you are web-browsing, then you are really using the OS of the server you are connected to. Therefore, in most cases (but not stackexchange) you are using Gnu/Linux. – ctrl-alt-delor Apr 09 '17 at 13:39
  • @richard you'd be surprised. Many ATMs, airport checkin desks, information terminals (those boards showing arrival and departure times for example), and things like that run Windows. Many of them run very old versions of Windows still, think XP and even Windows 98. – jwenting Apr 10 '17 at 06:16
  • @jwenting I am not surprised: Yes Microsoft is on many. It is just that this is still the minority. – ctrl-alt-delor Apr 10 '17 at 09:33

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Steam reports the following statistics for Windows 7 and 10 (they split 32 and 64 bit) for July 2016:

              64-bit   32-bit   Total
Windows  7    30.03%    6.30%   36.33%
Windows 10    44.67%    1.58%   46.25%

StatCounter shows Windows 7 at about 40% (daily variation of 37% to 42%) and Windows 10 at about 25% over that period.

It comes down to methodology - how are the stats collected?

Steam obviously gets their data from Steam users that allow their information to be shared to Steam - this introduces a bias to computers that have Steam installed. Many business owned computers will not have Steam installed, and these are more likely to not have upgraded to Windows 10.

I think it's interesting to look at StatCounter's daily values - you see dips in the Windows 7 market share at the weekends - indicating less browsing from the workplace in favour of more browsing from home.

NetworkMarketShare's methodology is explained in their FAQs:

We collect data from the browsers of site visitors to our exclusive on-demand network of HitsLink Analytics and SharePost clients. The network includes over 40,000 websites, and spans the globe. We ‘count’ unique visitors to our network sites, and only count one unique visit to each network site per day. This is part of our quality control process to prevent fraud, and ensure the most accurate portrayal of Internet usage market share. The data is compiled from approximately 160 million unique visits per month. The information published on www.netmarketshare.com is an aggregation of the data from this network of hosted website traffic statistics. In addition, we classify 430+ referral sources identified as search engines. Aggregate traffic referrals from these engines are summarized and reported monthly. The statistics for search engines include both organic and sponsored referrals.

StatCounter uses a similar method to NetworkMarketShare, but with a different population of websites.

Stats are based on aggregate data collected by StatCounter on a sample exceeding 15 billion pageviews per month collected from across the StatCounter network of more than 3 million websites. Stats are updated and made available every 4 hours, however are subject to quality assurance testing and revision for 14 days from publication.

Does Windows 7 make up almost 50% of the desktop operating system market share?

Maybe not quite 50% - but very likely somewhere between 40-50%.

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    ... and of course stats collected from browsers may be biased as well, since many computers are never used for browsing. – GEdgar Aug 30 '16 at 13:45
  • And also tech-savvy users intentionally misrepresent which browser they are using. – TheBlackCat Aug 31 '16 at 16:15
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    @TheBlackCat Yeah, but tech-savvy users that do that as a rule are probably in the order of 1% or less so aren't really significant. – Bakuriu Sep 04 '16 at 10:59
  • Many users don't have control of the computers they work on –  Sep 04 '16 at 12:12