Here is a paper on that topic:
Constraints on the Universe as a Numerical Simulation
http://arxiv.org/abs/1210.1847
Observable consequences of the hypothesis that the observed universe is a numerical simulation performed on a cubic space-time lattice or grid are explored. The simulation scenario is first motivated by extrapolating current trends in computational resource requirements for lattice QCD into the future. Using the historical development of lattice gauge theory technology as a guide, we assume that our universe is an early numerical simulation with unimproved Wilson fermion discretization and investigate potentially-observable consequences. Among the observables that are considered are the muon g-2 and the current differences between determinations of alpha, but the most stringent bound on the inverse lattice spacing of the universe, b^(-1) >~ 10^(11) GeV, is derived from the high-energy cut off of the cosmic ray spectrum. The numerical simulation scenario could reveal itself in the distributions of the highest energy cosmic rays exhibiting a degree of rotational symmetry breaking that reflects the structure of the underlying lattice.
This is all bases on the assumption that mathematic is truly universal. Even outside our universe. This paper shows that we would live in a simulation IF there is a really special pattern in the "Four-momentum" of energy and impuls.
To the others. This is not a philosophical question per se. Research is going on. This paper is from 9 Nov 2012.