When a user log in a server with systemd, the PAM logic execute pam_systemd.
With that module, the users are registered under the systemd control group. This is an example of two users (root and a normal user) login in a server:
# systemd-cgls
Control group /:
-.slice
├─user.slice
│ ├─user-0.slice
│ │ ├─session-5233.scope
│ │ │ ├─13309 sshd: root@pts/0
│ │ │ ├─13367 -bash
│ │ │ ├─13447 systemd-cgls
│ │ │ └─13448 pager
│ │ └─user@0.service
│ │ └─init.scope
│ │ ├─13312 /lib/systemd/systemd --user
│ │ └─13313 (sd-pam)
│ └─user-1000.slice
│ ├─session-5236.scope
│ │ ├─13385 sshd: user1 [priv]
│ │ ├─13443 sshd: user1@pts/1
│ │ └─13444 -bash
│ └─user@1000.service
│ └─init.scope
│ ├─13388 /lib/systemd/systemd --user
│ └─13389 (sd-pam)
But that behaviour was optional in Debian 8 (already with systemd), and in Debian 9 you have the option to disable with pam-auth-update
and if you do all seems to work equal.
Why is needed that agrupation over the users under cgroups? What happens when it is disabled?