The packets may or may not go through eventually, but you don't get a response for them. From your point of view, it doesn't make a difference. The fact that you don't get an error message doesn't mean that the packet will eventually reach its destination.
If you don't get a reply to your ping, either your packet got lost, or the reply to your packet got lost.
A packet may be just silently lost, or an error message may be returned. It the return packet is lost, an error message may be sent to the sender (the destination of your ping), but it will not reach you.
You can think of the packets similar to a letter or parcel sent in the mail. You write an address on the envelope, drop it in the mailbox and hope for the best. There are three possible results:
- The packet may arrive.
- The packet may be silently dropped.
- The packet may be dropped but a error message is returned to the sender.
The case with the error message is usually when a packet is not dropped because of overload but because of some specific problems with the destination of the packet.
As the sender you can't distinguish whether the packet arrived or not. But in the case of a ping (and with most other protocols), the sender will send a reply. This reply also may or may not arrive. With most protocols other than ping, the sender will retry a few times until either a response arrives or the sender gives up.