Supermicro X10SRH-CF supports the following PCIE configurations:
- 1x PCI-E 3.0 x4 (in x8) slot
- 1x PCI-E 3.0 x8 (in x16) slot
- 2x PCI-E 3.0 x8 slots
- 1x PCI-E 2.0 x2 (in x4) slot
- 1x PCI-E 2.0 x4 (in x8) slot
So first thing is to check is how many PCIE lanes do your cards require? Are they the same model of GPU cards? As you can see, the size of the slots DOES NOT directly correspond to the number of lanes available to that slot. Eg. you have only 8 lanes available in the size 16 slot, so if you put in a card that requires 16 lanes, it will only operate at half speed which may or may not be a problem for specific types of GPU cards. So you'd have to make sure you have enough PCIE lanes available to support all your cards
EDIT: Also make sure you have enough power supply available in order to power your board, CPU, other peripherals and 5 of your GTX 1080 cards. Looks like each card claims to take 180W. Safe bet would be to provide at least 1.5x power.
That would need
1.5x180W x 5 = 1350W
And that is only for the 5 GPU cards. Make sure you have additional supply available for your board, CPU, HDDs and other peripherals. Also remember, that on boot the power required is a bit on the high side until the system gets going. So make sure you also add in a bit of tolerance for every component requiring power.