Long configured, stable Postfix mail server on internal system with greylisting, a long list of restrictions and real-time black-listing, reachable through a gateway / firewall via forwarded port worked fine inbound and outbound following the upgrade of the firewall/gateway system and I moved on to other upgrade issues. About 5 hours later, I found that /var/log/maillog was going bananas with activity - the spammers had taken over.
The environment was upgraded (unadvisedly) with Fedora Core 19 and have had lots of networking problems, and this was one of them. I researched it thoroughly. All the articles I've seen overlook the cause that happened to me...
I figured it out already and it has a less than completely obvious cause. I'm taking the time to "leave breadcrumbs" for others. The question is: What can cause this, when one has every reason to believe the mail server's configuration is correct?!