I want to transfer files between to machines over the internet, in a SECURE way. Both machines have linux (the "server" uses Ubuntu 12 and the "client" uses Mint 14). I DO NOT want to allow ssh to my server, and i want the client to be able to open and read files on server, but it cannot modify/erase things. It's allowed to client copy files to server [or create files there] and copy from server.
I want to share just some directories in my server in the way above explained. Finally, i want to access files in the client in a easy fashion, like GUI mode or something..not using shell, but instead using a windows-like style (like if my remote folder is a local one, but with restrict access as above explained).
Being secure to me means that the connection must be encrypted, and the login could use some private/public key scheme.
What's the best solution for me ? I'm trying to find some SFTP configuration that fits my "specification", but the restriction in access is too "peculiar"...i don't know even if SFTP works without allowing ssh.
Thanks very much for any help...
EDIT: Thanks very very much for your help. I really appreciate this! I will evaluate all answers and try to figure out the best solution. By now, i think creating an user that have restricted access/privileges and allowing ONLY this user to do a SSH/SFTP ultra-secured is the best way..."hacks" to avoid ssh really can make things worse (less-secure). My question is a little bit confusing because my "logic" was a little disturbed. Now i can see more clearly...