I understand that Windows clustering requires Active Directory. If I were to setup a Windows Server 2008 R2 cluster, will there be any issues if the Active Directory server is running Windows Server 2003 and not Windows Server 2008 ?
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No there would not be a problem with this. The AD requirement is there so that the hosts in your cluster have a single authentication domain, allowing them to correctly interact with each other. The AD version/mode can be higher or lower than the cluster members.

Chris Thorpe
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Okay, if the AD server is down, then the cluster failover will not function ? – ITILisBULL Aug 13 '11 at 13:37
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Correct, if AD goes down the cluster will eventually fail as well. This is why you must always have two AD servers. Upvoted the answer. – murisonc Aug 13 '11 at 16:01