How can I find out package versions available from repositories?
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Use a command like apt-cache show package
.
You could also just look at the repository.

Zoredache
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apt-cache policy $PACKAGE
shows every packageversion available for installation.

ThorstenS
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Try apt-show-versions.

BillThor
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1Note, `apt-show-version` may not be installed on all distributions by default. – mctylr Apr 14 '10 at 02:27
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For installed packages:
dpkg-query -l apache2
For packages available via apt:
apt-cache search ^apache2$

Mircea Vutcovici
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Aptitude is Debian's current recommended package manager (see Lenny Release Notes) and amongst other things is great for searching available and installed packages.
e.g.
aptitude search ~npackage_name_regex~dtext_in_description
See section 2.2.6. in the Reference Manual: http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/reference/ch02.en.html#_basic_package_management_operations
However, use 'apt-cache policy' to show package versions.

user38808
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