The system management I²C bus is used for various purposes, most commonly:
- access DIMM SPD memory
- access sensor information - temperature levels, fan speeds, voltage levels
- control fan speeds
- smart power-supply management (fan/temperature/voltages)
There may be vendor options that connect to the I²C header - either additional monitor/actor chips (case temperature sensors, smart PSU monitoring), or optional monitoring or management like IPMI / lights-out management. There may also be third-party options that you can plug in and use. There's no need to plug in anything though.
Workstation and server boards may use multiple I²C busses.