You cannot sync user/Password from azure active directory to on-premises, you only can sync from on-premises to azure active directory with Azure AD Connect.
You can export the list of users from your azure AD:
- Sign in to your Azure AD organization https://aad.portal.azure.com/.
- Navigate to Azure Active Directory > Users.
- In Azure AD, select Users > Download users. By default, all user profiles are exported.
- On the Download users page, select Start to receive a CSV file listing user profile properties. If there are errors, you can download and view the results file on the Bulk operation results page. The file contains the reason for each error.
The following user attributes are included:
- userPrincipalName
- displayName
- surname
- mail
- givenName
- objectId
- userType
- jobTitle
- department
- accountEnabled
- usageLocation
- streetAddress
- state
- country
- physicalDeliveryOfficeName
- city
- postalCode
- telephoneNumber
- mobile
- authenticationAlternativePhoneNumber
- authenticationEmail
- alternateEmailAddress
- ageGroup
- consentProvidedForMinor
- legalAgeGroupClassification
As you can see you can't export the password by any means.
Hopes this helps!