This question is inspired by the VPS that I rent from OVH. The OS installation was automatic, and the IP already configured. However, as I have root access, I could change the IP to another, possibly conflicting with another host the local network, which would cause them packets loss. I imagine that OVH has some form of protection against this, both to protect other VPS and to be able to sell extra IP addresses. The same question could be asked about physically hosted servers, it's not specifically about VPS.
How do the datacenter administrators ensure that each hosted server can't use another IP address than the one allocated ?