In Windows land, you can run Procmon (Process Monitor) from Sysinternals, which will show you every File access, Registry Query etc Systemwide (screenshot attached). You can then backtrack to find which process(es) are touching / accessing a particular file (or registry query).
In Linux land, I sometimes what to find which process(es) are accessing a particular file on the system - but I have no idea which process to start looking at. I am aware of strace, and I know I can attach this to more than one process - but is there a way to output every file access globally under Linux ?