If the health check is working and the backend service is marked as green (i.e. I do have a firewall rule for the LB hc/traffic), would could explain that no real traffic can get in (I'm getting a 502 "failed to connect to backend" in the LB log)?
I'm running nginx behind, I do have access log entries for the healtchecks and I don't have error log entries for the actual traffic (just to confirm that real traffic is not reaching the instance).
More details: the backend service is associated to a unmanaged group that contains one instance.
P.S. It's not an "url map" issue, I only have the default "all unmatched traffic" rule on this LB.