Disclaimer: While I have a lot of experience with plants and fruiting vegetables, I don't have a lot of experience with sweet potatoes.
I wouldn't worry about it. They're too young for that kind of over-fertilization to have a big negative impact on the end result (unless it burns the plant or makes it susceptible to disease/pests), unless you keep doing it and it doesn't get enough of the other nutrients it needs beside nitrogen. At this stage, more plant vigor is a good thing.
Large leaves aren't generally a result of high nitrogen (lots of leaves are). Large leaves are more a result of plant maturity, and a good supply of phosphorus; it could also indicate that the soil is warm. In most vegetables, large leaves are a good thing.
If you know it has too much nitrogen, at some point, and you're still worried about it having too much nitrogen, adding some calcium/potassium should be helpful to balance that (but don't overdo it on the calcium, as that can change your pH, and I believe sweet potatoes wouldn't like that).