How to create a living driveway resistant to heavy Canadian winters?

Question

I want to create a living driveway. I saw a clip on TV the other night about 'rain gardens' that absorb run-off and help filter water into the aquifer as opposed to dumping it into storm drains. This got me thinking about converting my asphalt driveway into a rain garden of sorts. I want it to meet the following requirements (admittedly a difficult list to meet):

1. It has to be attractive, as it is the front of my house.
2. It should not deform too much (e.g. form ruts) from having cars parked on it.

3. I live in Canada in a heavy snow region, so it needs to be easily cleared of snow using a snow blower.

   • This is crazy idea; the heating in compost piles got me thinking that there has to be some way to keep the driveway hot through the winter via a biological process (so, I am not talking about running wires over my driveway) thus limiting the amount of snow and ice removal required.
   • Barring a bio-heated driveway, I will need to salt the driveway to prevent ice, so the living matter will have to be able to deal with extra salt.

4. It should effectively filter the water from precipitation and not dump it into the storm drains.

How would I go about doing this?

Answer 1

To be honest, I think this is impossible.

You want something that is frost resistant - really that means a native or similar from other high latitude areas. That limits you to very slow growing plants or moss. The first will not last long - drive over once and it will kill years of growth. Moss will not keep warm. In fact all plants are going to go dormant when it gets so cold and become covered with snow.

Anything that might just survive this lot, is going to have trouble with salt.

Also, you need to think about the substrate. As I'm sure you know, driving over grass in winter wrecks it quickly as the weight of the vehicle and the tires rip the grass roots out of the very soft mud. The same is going to be true to some extent for virtually any low plant you are going to think of.

I think a creative artificial solution will be better...

Answer 2

You can probably best meet your needs with a gravel driveway over a sand base. That will absorb the rain instead of dumping it off. It's the default driveway in places without storm drains (we have ditches) and works well. We have one about 200 feet long, which is short for our neighbourhood, and:

• snow blowing is no problem though you will want to set the blades high, wear eye protection, and don't let children play outside while you're snowblowing (that was also our rule for power lawnmowing before we got the reel mowers.) There will be some gravel on the lawn in the spring; just rake it off the grass back onto the driveway
• we see rain running down the driveway no more than once a year
• every ten years or so we need more gravel to fill in puddles or low spots
• we don't salt it, though there is one spot we occasionally sand. Salt is for steps and decks, not for car areas

Just make sure your neighbourhood association is ok with it.

Answer 3

It has to be attractive, as it is the front of my house.

This will depend somewhat on your tastes and the norms in your neighborhood.

It should not deform too much (e.g. form ruts) from having cars parked on it.

If you already have an asphalt driveway, you probably have a good base. Gravel over a good base should not form deep ruts.

I live in Canada in a heavy snow region, so it needs to be easily cleared of snow using a snow blower.

Based on my experience, I'm not a big fan of snow blowing gravel driveways. Asphalt is best here. The problem with snow blowing gravel driveways is that the blower tends to shoot stones a fair distance so you have to raise the blade, which leaves behind a layer of snow. Then you have to either shovel off that layer or leave it. On the upside, if you leave it, it will form a nice layer of ice, and then you can drop the blade to scrape off the next batch of snow. ;)

With asphalt you can drop the blade and scrape it clean.

• This is crazy idea; the heating in compost piles got me thinking that there has to be some way to keep the driveway hot through the winter via a biological process (so, I am not talking about running wires over my driveway) thus limiting the amount of snow and ice removal required.

In order to generate heat, you'd need a compost pile at least 2' deep (probably better at 3'). In the crazy case: if your driveway is 10' wide by 40' long, that's 2x10x40=800 cubic feet=30 yards of material. Of course, driving over that wouldn't be possible, your car would sink out of sight. (But even if you could, it wouldn't generate heat all winter anyway.)

So you would instead need a giant compost pile with pipes running from the pile under your driveway. I have heard of large piles being used to heat domestic hot water, but you'd need such a massive pile to heat your driveway through an Ontario winter that I don't think it would be practical. You'd also need to tear apart the pile every spring and rebuild it (including all of the piping) in the summer -- "disposing" of the finished compost shouldn't be too hard, but acquiring enough new material of the right mix for the next winter pile could be a challenge.

• Barring a bio-heated driveway, I will need to salt the driveway to prevent ice, so the living matter will have to be able to deal with extra salt.

I'd recommend coating any ice that forms with sand instead of salt. The amount of salt you'd need to use on the driveway will kill anything you try to plant there.

It should effectively filter the water from precipitation and not dump it into the storm drains.

A possible compromise would be to remove a strip of asphalt down the center of your driveway and plant grass. Your wheels don't drive over this part of the driveway so it won't get compacted and you should be able to get decent growth. It's a minor hassle to snow blow, but not as dangerous as gravel -- you will want to raise the blade at least the first couple of times you snow blow so that you don't damage the grass. Once you have a compacted layer of snow down the center of the driveway, you can probably scrape later snowfalls without doing any damage.

Another key piece of preventing runoff into storm drains is to plant good edges. Make sure you have vegetation all along the edge of your asphalt driveway; this will help to catch runoff and absorb it into the soil.

Observe the path that water travels. (Sounds crazy, but go out during a heavy rain and watch where the streams are going.) Are there areas where you can divert the flow into a rain garden? If your driveway is built so that it slopes directly into the street (and then a storm drain), your options may be limited.

Answer 4

Try grasscrete, You can turn your driveway into actual grass... basically concrete tesselations with open space for grass to grown. this has several advantages

• more surface area to plants
• reduced heat island
• less runoff
• more greenspace for recreation Albeit there are downsides
• reduced concrete surface area reduces strength of overall driveway for weight of vehicles