体言

See also: 體言

Chinese

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Japanese
Kanji in this term
体 言
たい
Grade: 2		 げん
Grade: 2
goon kan’on
Alternative spelling
體言 (kyūjitai)

Etymology

Coinage in Japanese from Middle Chinese-derived components, as a compound of 体 (tai, “body”) +‎ 言 (gen, “word”), literally “substantive word”.[1][2][3][4] Compare English substantive.

In Japanese grammar, contrasts with 用言 (yōgen, “inflecting word”, literally “function word”). See also the dichotomy of 体用 (taiyō, “substance and function”).

First cited in 1851.[1]

Pronunciation

Noun

体(たい)言(げん) • (taigen) 

  1. [from 1851] (grammar) a Japanese or Korean word that does not inflect and can be used as a grammatical subject
    Hypernym: 自立語 (jiritsugo, “independent word, free-standing word”)
    Hyponyms: 数詞 (sūshi, “numeral”), 代名詞 (daimeishi, “pronoun”), 名詞 (meishi, “noun”)
    Coordinate term: 用言 (yōgen, “inflecting word”)

See also

References
  1. “体言”, in 日本国語大辞典 (Nihon Kokugo Daijiten, “Nihon Kokugo Daijiten”)‎ (in Japanese), concise edition, Tōkyō: Shogakukan, 2000
  2. “体言”, in デジタル大辞泉 (Dejitaru Daijisen)‎ (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Shogakukan, updated roughly every four months
  3. 2006, 大辞林 (Daijirin), Third Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  4. 1997, 新明解国語辞典 (Shin Meikai Kokugo Jiten), Fifth Edition (in Japanese), Tōkyō: Sanseidō, →ISBN
  5. 1998, NHK日本語発音アクセント辞典 (NHK Japanese Pronunciation Accent Dictionary) (in Japanese), Tōkyō: NHK, →ISBN
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