Yugra

Yugra or Iuhra (Old Russian: Югра, Jugra) was a collective name for lands and peoples in the region to the east of the northern Ural Mountains (modern north-west Russia), in the Russian annals of the 12th–17th centuries. During this period the region was inhabited by the Khanty (a.k.a. Ostyaks) and Mansi (Voguls) peoples.

In a current context, the word "Yugra" generally refers to a political constituent of the Russia Federation formally known as Khanty-Mansi Autonomous Okrug–Yugra, located in the lands historically known as Ioughoria. In modern Russian this word is rendered "Югория" (Yugoria) and is used as a poetic synonym of the region.

In beginning of the 16th century, the similarity between Yugria (latinized form of the name) and ugry, an Old Russian ethnonym for the Hungarians, was noted. Yugra has since then been often assumed to be the Hungarians' ancestral home. The name of the Ugric language family (including both the Khanty and Mansi languages, as well as Hungarian) is based on both words. However, even though the linguistic connection between the Ugric languages is well established, there does not seem to be an etymological connection between Yugra and ugry.