XIST

XIST
Identifiers
Aliases	XIST, DXS1089, DXS399E, LINC00001, NCRNA00001, SXI1, swd66, X inactive specific transcript (non-protein coding), X inactive specific transcript, Xist
External IDs	OMIM: 314670 MGI: 98974 GeneCards: XIST
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	X chromosome (human)
End	73,852,723 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	X chromosome (mouse)
End	102,526,860 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	tibia; ; right uterine tube; ; vulva; ; germinal epithelium; ; pericardium; ; lactiferous duct; ; cervix; ; canal of the cervix; ; myometrium; ; left uterine tube;
	Top expressed in
	renal corpuscle; ; dermis; ; fossa; ; utricle; ; condyle; ; sexually immature organism; ; intercostal muscle; ; uterus; ; atrioventricular valve; ; hair follicle;
	More reference expression data
	n/a
Orthologs
	7503
	213742
	ENSG00000229807
	ENSMUSG00000086503
	n; a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	n/a
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

Xist (X-inactive specific transcript) is a non-coding RNA transcribed from the X chromosome of the placental mammals that acts as a major effector of the X-inactivation process. It is a component of the Xic – X-chromosome inactivation centre – along with two other RNA genes (Jpx and Ftx) and two protein genes (Tsx and Cnbp2).

The Xist RNA, a large (17 kb in humans) transcript, is expressed on the inactive chromosome and not on the active one. It is processed in a similar way to mRNAs, through splicing and polyadenylation. However, it remains untranslated. It has been suggested that this RNA gene evolved at least partly from a protein-coding gene that became a pseudogene. The inactive X chromosome is coated with this transcript, which is essential for the inactivation. X chromosomes lacking Xist will not be inactivated, while duplication of the Xist gene on another chromosome causes inactivation of that chromosome.

The human Xist gene was discovered by Andrea Ballabio through a cDNA library screening and then characterized in collaboration with Carolyn J. Brown and Hunt Willard.

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