West Sumatra

West Sumatra (Indonesian: Sumatera Barat) is a province of Indonesia. It is on the west coast of the island of Sumatra and includes the Mentawai Islands off that coast. West Sumatra borders the Indian Ocean to the west, as well as the provinces of North Sumatra to the north, Riau to the northeast, Jambi to the southeast, and Bengkulu to the south. The province has an area of 42,119.54 km2 (16,262.45 sq mi), with a population of 5,534,472 at the 2020 census. The official estimate at mid 2022 was 5,640,629. The province is subdivided into twelve regencies and seven cities. It has relatively more cities than other provinces outside Java, although several of them are relatively low in population compared with cities elsewhere in Indonesia. Padang is the province's capital and largest city.

West Sumatra
Sumatera Barat
Province of West Sumatra
Nickname(s): 
Ranah Minang (Minangkabau)
Land of Minangkabau
Motto(s): 
Tuah Sakato (Minangkabau)
Agree to Implement the Consensus Result
Location of West Sumatra (red) in Indonesia (beige).
OpenStreetMap
Coordinates: 1°00′S 100°30′E
CountryIndonesia
RegionSumatra
Province status10 August 1957
Capital
and largest city
Padang
Government
  BodyWest Sumatra Provincial Government
  GovernorMahyeldi Ansharullah
  Vice GovernorAudy Joinaldy
Area
  Total42,119.54 km2 (16,262.45 sq mi)
  Rank16th in Indonesia
Highest elevation3,805 m (12,484 ft)
Population
 (mid 2022 estimate)
  Total5,640,629
  Rank11th in Indonesia
  Density130/km2 (350/sq mi)
Demographics
  Ethnic groups90% Minangkabau
4% Javanese
3% Batak
3% others (Mentawai, Mandailing, Chinese, etc.)
  Religion97.4% Islam
2.20% Christianity
0.35% Hinduism
0.06% Buddhism
  LanguagesIndonesian (official), Minangkabau, Mentawai
Time zoneUTC+7 (Indonesia Western Time)
ISO 3166 codeID-SB
GDP (nominal)2022
 - TotalRp 285.4 trillion (13th)
US$ 19.2 billion
Int$ 60.0 billion (PPP)
 - Per capitaRp 50.6 million (22nd)
US$ 3,407
Int$ 10,632 (PPP)
 - Growth 4.36%
HDI 0.737 (9th) – high
Websitesumbarprov.go.id
Official nameOmbilin Coal Mining Heritage of Sawahlunto
CriteriaCultural: 
Reference1610
Inscription2019 (43rd Session)
Area268.18 ha (662.7 acres)
Buffer zone7,356.92 ha (18,179.3 acres)

West Sumatra is home to the Minangkabau people, although the traditional Minangkabau region is actually wider than the province's boundaries, covering up to the southern region of North Sumatra, the western region of Riau, the western region of Jambi, the northern region of Bengkulu, and Negeri Sembilan in Malaysia. Another native ethnic group is the Mentawai people, who inhabit the western islands of the same name. Islam is a predominant religion in the province, with about 97.4% of the total population.

West Sumatra was the centre of the Pagaruyung Kingdom, founded by Adityawarman in 1347. The first European to come to the region was a French traveler named Jean Parmentier who arrived around 1523. The region was later colonised by the Dutch Empire and became a residency named Sumatra's West Coast (Dutch: Sumatra's Westkust), whose administrative area included the present-day Kampar Regency in Riau and Kerinci Regency in Jambi. Before becoming a province in 1957, West Sumatra was a part of the province of Central Sumatra (1948–1957), alongside Riau, Jambi, and the Riau Islands.

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