Wallachia

Wallachia or Walachia (/wɒˈlkiə/; Romanian: Țara Românească, lit.'The Romanian Land' or 'The Romanian Country', pronounced [ˈt͡sara romɨˈne̯askə]; archaic: Țeara Rumânească, Romanian Cyrillic alphabet: Цѣра Рꙋмѫнѣскъ) is a historical and geographical region of Romania. It is situated north of the Lower Danube and south of the Southern Carpathians. Wallachia is traditionally divided into two sections, Muntenia (Greater Wallachia) and Oltenia (Lesser Wallachia). Dobruja could sometimes be considered a third section due to its proximity and brief rule over it. Wallachia as a whole is sometimes referred to as Muntenia through identification with the larger of the two traditional sections.

Principality of Wallachia
Țara Românească (Romanian)
   Цѣра Рꙋмѫнѣскъ
   Țeara Rumânească
Βλαχία (Greek)
1330–1859
Flag (c.1593–1611)
Coat of arms (1700)
Motto: Dreptate, Frăție
"Justice, Brotherhood" (1848)
Wallachia in 1812
Wallachia in the late 18th century
Status
Capital
Common languages
Religion
Eastern Orthodox
Demonym(s)Wallachian
GovernmentElective absolute monarchy with hereditary lines
Prince 
 c.1290c.1310
Radu Negru (first)
 1859–1862
Alexandru Ioan Cuza (last)
Historical era
1290
1330
 Ottoman suzerainty for the first time
1417
1593–1621
21 July [O.S. 10 July] 1774
14 September [O.S. 2 September] 1829
1834–1835
5 February [O.S. 24 January] 1859
CurrencyGrosh, denarii, aspri, ducat, florin, ughi, leeuwendaalder, Austrian florin and others
Preceded by
Succeeded by
Banate of Severin
Kingdom of Hungary
Second Bulgarian Empire
United Principalities
Today part ofRomania

Wallachia was founded as a principality in the early 14th century by Basarab I after a rebellion against Charles I of Hungary, although the first mention of the territory of Wallachia west of the river Olt dates to a charter given to the voivode Seneslau in 1246 by Béla IV of Hungary. In 1417, Wallachia was forced to accept the suzerainty of the Ottoman Empire; this lasted until the 19th century.

In 1859, Wallachia united with Moldavia to form the United Principalities, which adopted the name Romania in 1866 and officially became the Kingdom of Romania in 1881. Later, following the dissolution of the Austro-Hungarian Empire and the resolution of the elected representatives of Romanians in 1918, Bukovina, Transylvania and parts of Banat, Crișana, and Maramureș were allocated to the Kingdom of Romania, thereby forming the modern Romanian state.

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