Vulcain (rocket engine)
Vulcain is a family of European first stage rocket engines for Ariane 5 and the future Ariane 6. Its development began in 1988 and the first flight was completed in 1996. The updated version of the engine, Vulcain 2, was first successfully flown in 2005. Both members of the family use liquid oxygen/liquid hydrogen cryogenic fuel. The new version under development for Ariane 6 will be called Vulcain 2.1.
Vulcain 1 engine on display at Musée des Sciences et des Techniques de la Villette | |
| Country of origin | France |
|---|---|
| First flight | 04 June 1996 |
| Last flight | 18 December 2009 |
| Designer | Snecma |
| Manufacturer | Safran Aircraft Engines |
| Application | Main stage engine |
| Associated LV | Ariane 5 |
| Successor | Vulcain 2 |
| Status | Retired |
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | Liquid oxygen / liquid hydrogen |
| Mixture ratio | 5.3 |
| Cycle | Gas generator |
| Configuration | |
| Nozzle ratio | 45.1 |
| Performance | |
| Thrust, vacuum | 1,140 kN (256,300 lbf) |
| Chamber pressure | 100 bars (1,500 psi) |
| Specific impulse, vacuum | 431 s (4.23 km/s) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 3.05 m (10.0 ft) |
| Diameter | 1.76 m (5.8 ft) |
| Dry weight | 1,300 kg (2,900 lb) |
| Used in | |
| Ariane 5 G and GS | |
| References | |
| References | |
The Vulcain 2 engine | |
| Country of origin | France |
|---|---|
| First flight | 12 February 2005 |
| Designer | Snecma |
| Manufacturer | Snecma |
| Application | Main stage engine |
| Associated LV | Ariane 5 |
| Predecessor | Vulcain 1 |
| Status | Retired |
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | Liquid oxygen / Liquid hydrogen |
| Mixture ratio | 6.1 |
| Cycle | Gas generator |
| Configuration | |
| Nozzle ratio | 58.2 |
| Performance | |
| Thrust, vacuum | 1,359 kN (305,500 lbf) |
| Chamber pressure | 117.3 bars (11.73 MPa) |
| Specific impulse, vacuum | 429 s (4.21 km/s) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 3.44 m (11.3 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.09 m (6.9 ft) |
| Dry weight | 1,800 kg (4,000 lb) |
| Used in | |
| Ariane 5 ECA, ES | |
| References | |
| References | |
| Country of origin | France |
|---|---|
| Designer | Snecma |
| Manufacturer | Snecma |
| Application | Main stage engine |
| Associated LV | Ariane 6 |
| Predecessor | Vulcain 2 |
| Status | In development |
| Liquid-fuel engine | |
| Propellant | Liquid oxygen / Liquid hydrogen |
| Cycle | Gas generator |
| Performance | |
| Thrust, vacuum | 1,324 kN (297,600 lbf) |
| Chamber pressure | 120.8 bars (12.08 MPa) |
| Dimensions | |
| Length | 3.7 m (12 ft) |
| Diameter | 2.5 m (8.2 ft) |
| Dry weight | 2,000 kg (4,400 lb) |
| Used in | |
| Ariane 6 | |
| References | |
| References | |
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