Vembanad
Vembanad is the longest lake in India, as well as the largest in the state of Kerala. The lake has an area of 230 square kilometers and a maximum length of 96.5 km. Spanning several districts in the state of Kerala, it is known as Vembanadu Lake in Kottayam, Vaikom, Changanassery, Punnamada Lake in Alappuzha, Punnappra, Kuttanadu and Kochi Lake in Kochi. Several groups of small islands including Vypin, Mulavukad, Maradu, Udayamperoor, Vallarpadam, and Willingdon Island are located in the Kochi Lake portion. Kochi Port is built around the Willingdon Island and the Vallarpadam island.
| Vembanad Lake | |
|---|---|
| വേമ്പനാട്ട് കായല് (Malayalam) | |
Vembanad Lake | |
Vembanad Lake | |
| Coordinates | 9°35′N 76°25′E |
| Primary inflows | Achenkovil, Manimala, Meenachil, Muvattupuzha, Pamba, Periyar |
| Primary outflows | several canals |
| Basin countries | India |
| Max. length | 96.5 km (60.0 mi) |
| Max. width | 14 km (8.7 mi) |
| Surface area | 230 km2 (89 sq mi) |
| Max. depth | 12 m (39 ft) |
| Surface elevation | 0 m (0 ft) |
| Islands | Pathiramanal, Perumbalam, Pallippuram, Kumbalangi |
| Settlements | Kottayam, Alleppey, Cochin, Cherthala |
| Official name | Vembanad-Kol Wetland |
| Designated | 19 August 2002 |
Kuttanad, also known as The Rice Bowl of Kerala, has the lowest altitude in India, and is also one of the few places in world where cultivation takes place below sea level. Kuttanad lies on the southern portion of Vembanad.
The Nehru Trophy Boat Race is conducted in a portion of the lake. High levels of pollution have been noticed at certain hotspots of the Vembanad backwaters. The Government of India has identified the Vembanad wetland under the National Wetlands Conservation Programme.