Vehicle-to-everything

Vehicle-to-everything (V2X) is communication between a vehicle and any entity that may affect, or may be affected by, the vehicle. It is a vehicular communication system that incorporates other more specific types of communication as V2I (vehicle-to-infrastructure), V2N (vehicle-to-network), V2V (vehicle-to-vehicle), V2P (vehicle-to-pedestrian), V2D (vehicle-to-device).

V2X can be grouped into two supergroups, V2X using common communication technologies like bluetooth or mobile networks and V2X using a dedicated special communication technology. The main motivations for the dedicated V2X technology are road safety, traffic efficiency, energy savings, and mass surveillance. The U.S. NHTSA estimates a minimum of 13% reduction in traffic accidents if a V2V system were implemented, resulting in 439,000 fewer crashes per year. Equally, V2X technology is already used in countries such as China, where different safety information is being communicated between vehicles to reduce road accidents. There are two standards for dedicated V2X communication depending on the underlying technology being used: (1) WLAN-based, and (2) cellular-based.

The term V2X contains the following sub categories:

  • Vehicle-to-Everything (V2X) - "communication between a vehicle and any entity that may affect, or may be affected by, the vehicle."
    • Vehicle-to-Device (V2D) - Bluetooth / WiFi-Direct, e.g. Apple’s CarPlay and Google’s Android Auto.
    • Vehicle-to-Grid (V2G) - information exchange with the smart grid to balance loads more efficiently.
      • Vehicle-to-Building (V2B), also known as Vehicle-to-Home (V2H)
      • Vehicle-to-Load (V2L)
    • Vehicle-to-Network (V2N) - communication based on Cellular (3GPP) / 802.11p.
      • Vehicle-to-Cloud (V2C) - e.g. OTA updates, remote vehicle diagnostics (DoIP).
      • Vehicle-to-Infrastructure (V2I) - e.g. traffic lights, lane markers and parking meters.
      • Vehicle-to-Pedestrian (V2P) - e.g. wheelchairs and bicycles, commonly also used to designate vulnerable road users (VRUs).
      • Vehicle-to-Vehicle (V2V) - real-time data exchange with nearby vehicles.
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