Vanadium redox battery
The vanadium redox battery (VRB), also known as the vanadium flow battery (VFB) or vanadium redox flow battery (VRFB), is a type of rechargeable flow battery. It employs vanadium ions as charge carriers. The battery uses vanadium's ability to exist in a solution in four different oxidation states to make a battery with a single electroactive element instead of two. For several reasons, including their relative bulkiness, vanadium batteries are typically used for grid energy storage, i.e., attached to power plants/electrical grids.
| Specific energy | 10–20 Wh/kg (36–72 J/g) |
|---|---|
| Energy density | 15–25 Wh/L (54–65 kJ/L) |
| Energy efficiency | 75–90% |
| Time durability | 20–30 years |
| Cycle durability | >12,000–14,000 cycles |
| Nominal cell voltage | 1.15–1.55 V |
Numerous companies and organizations are involved in funding and developing vanadium redox batteries.
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