Urea nitrate

Urea nitrate is a fertilizer-based high explosive that has been used in improvised explosive devices in Afghanistan, Pakistan, Iraq, and various terrorist acts elsewhere in the world such as in the 1993 World Trade Center bombings. It has a destructive power similar to better-known ammonium nitrate explosives, with a velocity of detonation between 3,400 m/s (11,155 ft/s) and 4,700 m/s (15,420 ft/s). It has chemical formula of CH5N3O4 or (NH2)2COHNO3.

Not to be confused with nitrourea.
Urea nitrate
Identifiers
3D model (JSmol)
ChemSpider
ECHA InfoCard 100.004.276
UNII
  • InChI=1S/CH4N2O.HNO3/c2*2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4);(H,2,3,4) N
    Key: AYTGUZPQPXGYFS-UHFFFAOYSA-N N
  • InChI=1/CH4N2O.HNO3/c2*2-1(3)4/h(H4,2,3,4);(H,2,3,4)
    Key: AYTGUZPQPXGYFS-UHFFFAOYAL
  • C(=O)(N)N.[N+](=O)(O)[O-]
Properties
CH5N3O4
Molar mass 123.068 g/mol
Density 1.67±0.011 g/cm3
Melting point 157–159 °C (315–318 °F; 430–432 K)
167.2±0.5 mg/mL
Solubility in Ethanol 14.2±0.1 mg/mL
Solubility in Acetone 10.4±0.2 mg/mL
Solubility in Methanol 54.8±0.9 mg/mL
Explosive data
Shock sensitivity Low
Friction sensitivity Low
Detonation velocity 4700 m/s
Hazards
GHS labelling:
Danger
H201, H271, H301, H304, H314, H332
P220, P233, P250, P260, P305+P351+P338
NFPA 704 (fire diamond)
2
1
3
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
N verify (what is YN ?)
Infobox references

Urea nitrate is produced in one step by reaction of urea with nitric acid. This is an exothermic reaction, so steps must be taken to control the temperature.

Urea nitrate explosions may be initiated using a blasting cap.

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