Tularemia
Tularemia, also known as rabbit fever, is an infectious disease caused by the bacterium Francisella tularensis. Symptoms may include fever, skin ulcers, and enlarged lymph nodes. Occasionally, a form that results in pneumonia or a throat infection may occur.
| Tularemia | |
|---|---|
| Other names | Tularaemia, Pahvant Valley plague, rabbit fever, deer fly fever, Ohara's fever |
| A tularemia lesion on the back of the right hand | |
| Specialty | Infectious disease |
| Symptoms | Fever, skin ulcer, large lymph nodes |
| Causes | Francisella tularensis (spread by ticks, deer flies, contact with infected animals) |
| Diagnostic method | Blood tests, microbial culture |
| Prevention | Insect repellent, wearing long pants, rapidly removing ticks, not disturbing dead animals |
| Medication | Streptomycin, Gentamicin, doxycycline, ciprofloxacin |
| Prognosis | Generally good with treatment |
| Frequency | ~200 cases per year (US) |
The bacterium is typically spread by ticks, deer flies, or contact with infected animals. It may also be spread by drinking contaminated water or breathing in contaminated dust. It does not spread directly between people. Diagnosis is by blood tests or cultures of the infected site.
Prevention is by using insect repellent, wearing long pants, rapidly removing ticks, and not disturbing dead animals. Treatment is typically with the antibiotic streptomycin. Gentamicin, doxycycline, or ciprofloxacin may also be used.
Between the 1970s and 2015, around 200 cases were reported in the United States a year. Males are affected more often than females. It occurs most frequently in the young and the middle aged. In the United States, most cases occur in the summer. The disease is named after Tulare County, California, where the disease was discovered in 1911. A number of other animals, such as rabbits, may also be infected.