Tsardom of Russia
The Tsardom of Russia (Russian: Русское царство, romanized: Russkoye tsarstvo), also known as the Tsardom of Muscovy (Russian: Московское царство, romanized: Moskovskoye tsarstvo), was the centralized Russian state from the assumption of the title of tsar by Ivan IV in 1547 until the foundation of the Russian Empire by Peter the Great in 1721.
Tsardom of Russia Русское царство Russkoye tsarstvo | |||||||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 1547–1721 | |||||||||||||||||||
Flag
(1693–1721) Coat of arms
(1667–1721) | |||||||||||||||||||
| Seal of Tsar Ivan IV (c. 1539): | |||||||||||||||||||
Territory of Russia in 1500 1600 and 1700 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Capital | Moscow (1547–1712) Saint Petersburg (1712–1721) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Common languages | Russian (official) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Russian Orthodox (official) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Russian | ||||||||||||||||||
| Government | Absolute monarchy | ||||||||||||||||||
| Tsar | |||||||||||||||||||
• 1547–1584 | Ivan IV (first) | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1682–1721 | Peter I (last) | ||||||||||||||||||
| Legislature | Boyar Duma (1547–1549; 1684–1711) Zemsky Sobor (1549–1684) Governing Senate (1711–1721) | ||||||||||||||||||
| History | |||||||||||||||||||
| 16 January 1547 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1558–1583 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1598–1613 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1654–1667 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 1700–1721 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 10 September 1721 | |||||||||||||||||||
| 2 November 1721 | |||||||||||||||||||
| Population | |||||||||||||||||||
• 1500 | 6 million | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1600 | 12 million | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1646 | 14 million | ||||||||||||||||||
• 1719 | 15.7 million | ||||||||||||||||||
| Currency | Russian ruble | ||||||||||||||||||
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| Today part of | Belarus Finland Russia Ukraine | ||||||||||||||||||
From 1550 to 1700, Russia grew by an average of 35,000 square kilometres (14,000 sq mi) per year. The period includes the upheavals of the transition from the Rurik to the Romanov dynasties, wars with the Polish–Lithuanian Commonwealth, Sweden, and the Ottoman Empire, and the Russian conquest of Siberia, to the reign of Peter the Great, who took power in 1689 and transformed the tsardom into an empire. During the Great Northern War, he implemented substantial reforms and proclaimed the Russian Empire after victory over Sweden in 1721.