Toghon Temür
Toghon Temür (Mongolian: Тогоонтөмөр; Mongolian script: ᠲᠤᠭᠤᠨᠲᠡᠮᠤᠷ; Chinese: 妥懽貼睦爾; pinyin: Tuǒhuāntiēmù'ěr; 25 May 1320 – 23 May 1370), also known by his temple name as the Emperor Huizong of Yuan (Chinese: 元惠宗) bestowed by the Northern Yuan dynasty and by his posthumous name as the Emperor Shun of Yuan (Chinese: 元順帝) bestowed by the Ming dynasty, was the last emperor of the Yuan dynasty and later the first emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty. Apart from Emperor of China, he is also considered the last Khagan of the Mongol Empire. He was a son of Kusala (Emperor Mingzong).
| Emperor Shun of Yuan 元順帝 Ukhaghatu Khan 烏哈噶圖汗 ᠤᠬᠠᠭᠠᠲᠤ ᠬᠠᠭᠠᠨ | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| Emperor of the Yuan dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 19 July 1333 – 10 September 1368 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Coronation | 19 July 1333 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Rinchinbal Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Himself as Emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of the Northern Yuan dynasty | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 1368 – 23 May 1370 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Himself as Emperor of the Yuan dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Biligtü Khan Ayushiridara | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Emperor of China | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Reign | 1333–1368 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Predecessor | Rinchinbal Khan | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Successor | Hongwu Emperor (Ming dynasty) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Born | 25 May 1320 | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Died | 23 May 1370 (aged 49) Yingchang, Northern Yuan dynasty | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Spouses | |||||||||||||||||||||||||
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| House | Borjigin | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Dynasty | Yuan (1333–1368) Northern Yuan (1368–1370) | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Father | Khutughtu Khan Kusala | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Mother | Mailaiti of the Karluks | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
| Religion | Tibetan Buddhism | ||||||||||||||||||||||||
During the last years of his reign, the Yuan dynasty was overthrown by the Red Turban Rebellion, which established the Ming dynasty, although the Yuan court under his rule remained in control of northern China and the Mongolian Plateau. The remnant Yuan regime is known as the Northern Yuan in historiography.
Emperor Huizong was a Buddhist student of the Karmapas (heads of the Karma Kagyu school of Tibetan Buddhism) and is considered a previous incarnation of the Tai Situpas. He also notably invited the Jonang savant Dölpopa Shérab Gyeltsen to teach him, but was rebuffed.