Third Hellenic Republic
The Third Hellenic Republic (Greek: Γ΄ Ελληνική Δημοκρατία, romanized: Triti Elliniki Dimokratia) is the period in modern Greek history that stretches from 1974, with the fall of the Greek military junta and the final confirmation of the abolishment of the Greek monarchy, to the present day.
Hellenic Republic | |||||||||
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| 1974–present | |||||||||
| Motto: "Eleftheria i thanatos" Ελευθερία ή θάνατος "Freedom or Death" | |||||||||
| Anthem: «Ύμνος εις την Ελευθερίαν» Ýmnos eis tin Eleftherían "Hymn to Liberty" | |||||||||
Location of Third Hellenic Republic (dark green) – in Europe (green & dark grey) | |||||||||
| Capital and largest city | Athens 37°58′N 23°43′E | ||||||||
| Official language and national language | Greek | ||||||||
| Religion | Eastern Orthodoxy | ||||||||
| Demonym(s) | Greeks,Hellenes | ||||||||
| Government | Unitary parliamentary republic | ||||||||
| Katerina Sakellaropoulou | |||||||||
| Kyriakos Mitsotakis | |||||||||
| Konstantinos Tasoulas | |||||||||
| Legislature | Hellenic Parliament | ||||||||
| Establishment | |||||||||
| History | |||||||||
| 25 March 1821 (traditional starting date of the Greek War of Independence), 15 January 1822 (official declaration) | |||||||||
| 3 February 1830 | |||||||||
| 11 June 1975 | |||||||||
• Established | 1974–present | ||||||||
| Area | |||||||||
• Total | 131,957 km2 (50,949 sq mi) (95th) | ||||||||
• Water (%) | 0.8669 | ||||||||
| Population | |||||||||
• 2017 estimate | 10,768,477 | ||||||||
• 2011 census | 10,816,286 (80th) | ||||||||
• Density | 82/km2 (212.4/sq mi) (125th) | ||||||||
| GDP (PPP) | 2019 estimate | ||||||||
• Total | $326.700 billion (57th) | ||||||||
• Per capita | $30,522 (47th) | ||||||||
| GDP (nominal) | 2019 estimate | ||||||||
• Total | $224.033 billion (52nd) | ||||||||
• Per capita | $20,930 (38th) | ||||||||
| Gini (2018) | 32.3 medium · 60th | ||||||||
| HDI (2019) | 0.888 very high · 32nd | ||||||||
| Currency | Euro (€) (EUR) | ||||||||
| Time zone | UTC+02:00 (Eastern European Time) | ||||||||
| UTC+03:00 (Eastern European Summer Time) | |||||||||
| Date format | dd/mm/yyyy (AD) | ||||||||
| Driving side | right | ||||||||
| Calling code | +30 | ||||||||
| ISO 3166 code | GR | ||||||||
| Internet TLD | .gra .ελ | ||||||||
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It is considered the third period of republican rule in Greece, following the First Republic during the Greek War of Independence (1821–1832) and the Second Republic during the temporary abolition of the monarchy in 1924–1935.
The term "Metapolitefsi" (Μεταπολίτευση, 'polity change') is commonly used for the entire period, but when used more strictly, this term refers to the early part of the period, beginning with the fall of the junta and culminating in the democratic transformation of the country. While the First and Second Hellenic Republics are not in common use except in a historiographic context, the term Third Hellenic Republic is used frequently.
The Third Hellenic Republic has been characterised by the development of social freedoms, the European orientation of Greece and the political dominance of the parties ND and PASOK, although PASOK has declined since the 2010s, being replaced by Syriza as the largest party of the left. The period has also been characterised by corruption, deterioration of certain economic indexes, especially public debt, and nepotism, mostly in the political scene and the state offices.