Temozolomide
Temozolomide, sold under the brand name Temodar among others, is an anticancer medication used to treat brain tumors such as glioblastoma and anaplastic astrocytoma. It is taken by mouth or via intravenous infusion.
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| Trade names | Temodar, Temodal, Temcad, others |
| Other names | TMZ |
| AHFS/Drugs.com | Monograph |
| MedlinePlus | a601250 |
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| Routes of administration | By mouth, intravenous |
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| Pharmacokinetic data | |
| Bioavailability | almost 100% |
| Protein binding | 15% (10–20%) |
| Metabolism | hydrolysis |
| Metabolites | 3-methyl-(triazen-1-yl)imidazole-4-carboxamide (MTIC, the active species); temozolomide acid |
| Elimination half-life | 1.8 hours |
| Excretion | mainly kidney |
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| ECHA InfoCard | 100.158.652 |
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| Formula | C6H6N6O2 |
| Molar mass | 194.154 g·mol−1 |
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| Melting point | 212 °C (414 °F) (decomp.) |
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The most common side effects with temozolomide are nausea, vomiting, constipation, loss of appetite, alopecia (hair loss), headache, fatigue, convulsions (seizures), rash, neutropenia or lymphopenia (low white-blood-cell counts), and thrombocytopenia (low blood platelet counts). People receiving the solution for infusion may also have injection-site reactions, such as pain, irritation, itching, warmth, swelling and redness, as well as bruising.
Temozolomide is an alkylating agent used to treat serious brain cancers; most commonly as second-line treatments for astrocytoma and as the first-line treatment for glioblastoma. Olaparib in combination with temozolomide demonstrated substantial clinical activity in relapsed small cell lung cancer. It is available as a generic medication.