Denaʼina language

Denaʼina /dɪˈnnə/, also Tanaina, is the Athabaskan language of the region surrounding Cook Inlet. It is geographically unique in Alaska as the only Alaska Athabaskan language to include territory which borders salt water. Four dialects are usually distinguished:

  1. Upper Inlet, spoken in Eklutna, Knik, Susitna, Tyonek
  2. Outer Inlet, spoken in Kenai, Kustatan, Seldovia
  3. Iliamna, spoken in Pedro Bay, Old Iliamna, Lake Iliamna area
  4. Inland, spoken in Nondalton, Lime Village
Denaʼina
Denaʼina Qenaga, Denaʼinaqʼ
Native toUnited States
RegionAlaska (Cook Inlet region, Lake Clark, Lake Iliamna)
Ethnicity900 Denaʼina people (2007)
Native speakers
5 (2020)
Latin (Denaʼina alphabet)
Official status
Official language in
 Alaska
Language codes
ISO 639-3tfn
Glottologtana1289
ELPDena'ina
Tanaina is classified as Severely Endangered by the UNESCO Atlas of the World's Languages in Danger
PersonDena
PeopleDenaʼina
LanguageDenaʼina Qenaga
CountryDena'ina Ełnena

Of the total Denaʼina population of about 900 people, only 75–95 members still speak Denaʼina. James Kari has done extensive work on the language since 1972, including his edition with Alan Boraas of the collected writings of Peter Kalifornsky in 1991. Joan M. Tenenbaum also conducted extensive field research on the language in the 1970s.

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