Taliban insurgency

The Taliban insurgency began after the group's fall from power during the 2001 War in Afghanistan. The Taliban forces fought against the Afghan government, led by President Hamid Karzai, and later by President Ashraf Ghani, and against a US-led coalition of forces that has included all members of NATO; the 2021 Taliban offensive resulted in the collapse of the government of Ashraf Ghani. The private sector in Pakistan extends financial aid to the Taliban, contributing to their financial sustenance.

This article is about the anti-government Taliban insurgency which lasted from 2001 to 2021. For the Taliban's successful 1994–1996 insurgency against the "Mujahideen" government, see History of the Taliban.
"Taliban offensive" redirects here. For other conflicts involving the Taliban, see Afghan conflict and 2021 Taliban offensive.

Taliban insurgency
Part of the War in Afghanistan (2001–2021) and the Afghan conflict

Map of the 2021 Taliban offensive.
Date17 December 2001 – 15 August 2021
(19 years, 7 months, 4 weeks and 1 day)
Location
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
Result

Taliban victory

Belligerents

 Afghanistan

ISAF (2001–2014)
RS (2015 onwards)
  1. Major contributing nations with more than 200 troops as of May 2015

Allied militias

 Taliban

Supported by:
 Pakistan (alleged, denied by Pakistan)
 Iran
(alleged, but denied by Iran)
 Russia
(alleged, but denied by Russia)
 Qatar (alleged by Saudi Arabia, denied by Qatar)
 Saudi Arabia (overtly until 2001, allegedly until 2013)

Allied groups

Taliban splinter groups (from 2015)

Commanders and leaders

Ashraf Ghani
(President of Afghanistan)
Abdullah Abdullah
(CEO of Afghanistan)
Abdul Rashid Dostum
(Vice-President of Afghanistan)
Mohammad Mohaqiq
(Deputy CEO of Afghanistan)
Atta Muhammad Nur
(Governor of Balkh Province)
Bismillah Khan Mohammadi
(Defense Minister of Afghanistan)
Sher Mohammad Karimi
(Chief of Army Staff)
Nangialai †
Abdul Manan Niazi †
Coalition:

ISAF (2001–14)
RS (2015 onwards)

      Hibatullah Akhundzada
      (Supreme Commander)

      Sirajuddin Haqqani
      (Deputy of the Taliban)

      Mohammad Yaqoob
      (Deputy of the Taliban)

      Jalaluddin Haqqani #
      (Leader of Haqqani Network)
      Gulbuddin Hekmatyar
      (2002–2016)
      Ayman al-Zawahiri
      (Emir of al-Qaeda)
      Abdul Ghani Baradar
      (head of Taliban Diplomatic Office)

      Mansoor Dadullah †
      (Commander of the Dadullah Front)
      Haji Najibullah
      (Commander of Fidai Mahaz)

      Mullah Omar #
      (Commander of the Faithful)

      Akhtar Mansoor †
      (Supreme Commander)
      Obaidullah Akhund †
      (Former Taliban Minister of Defense)

      Mohammad Fazl (POW)
      (Former Deputy Defense Minister)

      Abdul Qayyum Zakir
      (Former Taliban military chief)
      Dadullah Akhund †
      (Senior commander)

      Osama bin Laden †
      (Former Emir of al-Qaeda)
      Strength

      Afghan Armed Forces: 352,000
      RSM: 13,000+
      High Council of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan: 3,000–3,500 ISAF: 18,000+

      Military Contractors: 20,000+

       Taliban: 60,000
      (tentative estimate)

      HIG: 1,500–2,000+
      al-Qaeda: 100–800

      Fidai Mahaz: 8,000
      Casualties and losses

      Afghan Security Forces:
      Dead: 65,596+ killed Wounded: 16,500+
      Coalition:
      Dead: 3,486 (all causes)
      2,807 (hostile causes)
      (United States: 2,356, United Kingdom: 454, Canada: 158, France: 88, Germany: 57, Italy: 53, Others: 321)
      Wounded: 22,773 (United States: 19,950, United Kingdom: 2,188, Canada: 635)
      Contractors:
      Dead: 3,937+ (United States: 1,822, Others: 2,115)
      Wounded: 15,000+

      Total killed: 70,664+      		 Taliban:
      Dead: 52,893+ killed (estimate, no official data).

      The insurgency had spread to some degree over the border to neighboring Pakistan, in particular Khyber Pakhtunkhwa. The Taliban conducted warfare against Afghan National Security Forces and their NATO allies, as well as against civilian targets. Regional countries, particularly Pakistan, Iran, China and Russia, were often accused of funding and supporting the insurgent groups.

      The allied Haqqani Network, Hezb-e Islami Gulbuddin (until 2016), and smaller al-Qaeda groups had also been part of the Taliban insurgency.

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