Spinosad

Spinosad
Clinical data
AHFS/Drugs.com	Monograph
Identifiers
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7032478 ;
ECHA InfoCard	100.103.254

Spinosyns
	; Spinosyn A
	; Spinosyn D
Identifiers
CAS Number	168316-95-8 ; A: 131929-60-7; D: 131929-63-0;
3D model (JSmol)	A: Interactive image; D: Interactive image;
ChEBI	CHEBI:39211 ; A: CHEBI:9230 ; D: CHEBI:9232;
ChEMBL	ChEMBL4297065; A: ChEMBL501411; D: ChEMBL503450;
ChemSpider	16736513 ; A: 391358; D: 159214;
DrugBank	DB08823;
ECHA InfoCard	100.103.254
KEGG	D09384; A: C11054; D: C11056;
PubChem CID	A: 443059; D: 183094;
UNII	XPA88EAP6V ; A: OY0L59V61N; D: 78G4631RTT;
CompTox Dashboard (EPA)	DTXSID7032478 ;
	InChI A: InChI=1S/C41H65NO10/c1-10-26-12-11-13-34(52-36-17-16-33(42(5)6)23(3)48-36)22(2)37(44)32-20-30-28(31(32)21-35(43)50-26)15-14-25-18-27(19-29(25)30)51-41-40(47-9)39(46-8)38(45-7)24(4)49-41/h14-15,20,22-31,33-34,36,38-41H,10-13,16-19,21H2,1-9H3/t22-,23-,24+,25-,26+,27-,28-,29-,30-,31+,33+,34+,36+,38+,39-,40-,41+/m1/s1 Key: SRJQTHAZUNRMPR-UYQKXTDMSA-N; D: InChI=1S/C42H67NO10/c1-11-26-13-12-14-35(53-37-16-15-34(43(6)7)24(4)49-37)23(3)38(45)33-20-31-29(32(33)21-36(44)51-26)17-22(2)28-18-27(19-30(28)31)52-42-41(48-10)40(47-9)39(46-8)25(5)50-42/h17,20,23-32,34-35,37,39-42H,11-16,18-19,21H2,1-10H3/t23-,24-,25+,26+,27-,28+,29-,30-,31-,32+,34+,35+,37+,39+,40-,41-,42+/m1/s1 Key: RDECBWLKMPEKPM-PSCJHHPTSA-N;
	SMILES A: O([C@H]1C[C@]2([C@]3([C@]([C@]4(C(=C3)C(=O)[C@H](C)[C@@H](O[C@@H]5O[C@H](C)[C@@H](N(C)C)CC5)CCC[C@H](CC)OC(=O)C4)[H])(C=C[C@@]2(C1)[H])[H])[H])[H])[C@H]6[C@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)O6; D: CC1=C[C@@]2([C@]([C@]3([C@]1(C[C@@H](O[C@H]4[C@H](OC)[C@H](OC)[C@@H](OC)[C@H](C)O4)C3)[H])[H])(C=C5[C@]2(CC(=O)O[C@@H](CC)CCC[C@H](O[C@@H]6O[C@H](C)[C@@H](N(C)C)CC6)[C@@H](C)C5=O)[H])[H])[H];
Properties
Chemical formula	C41H65NO10 (A); C42H67NO10 (D)
Molar mass	731.968 g·mol−1 (A); 745.995 g·mol−1 (D)
Pharmacology
ATCvet code	QP53BX03 (WHO)
Routes of; administration	Topical, by mouth
Legal status	CA: ℞-only; US: ℞-only;
	Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa). verify (what is ?) Infobox references

Spinosad is an insecticide based on chemical compounds found in the bacterial species Saccharopolyspora spinosa. The genus Saccharopolyspora was discovered in 1985 in isolates from crushed sugarcane. The bacteria produce yellowish-pink aerial hyphae, with bead-like chains of spores enclosed in a characteristic hairy sheath. This genus is defined as aerobic, Gram-positive, nonacid-fast actinomycetes with fragmenting substrate mycelium. S. spinosa was isolated from soil collected inside a nonoperational sugar mill rum still in the Virgin Islands. Spinosad is a mixture of chemical compounds in the spinosyn family that has a generalized structure consisting of a unique tetracyclic ring system attached to an amino sugar (D-forosamine) and a neutral sugar (tri-Ο-methyl-L-rhamnose). Spinosad is relatively nonpolar and not easily dissolved in water.

Spinosad is a novel mode-of-action insecticide derived from a family of natural products obtained by fermentation of S. spinosa. Spinosyns occur in over 20 natural forms, and over 200 synthetic forms (spinosoids) have been produced in the lab. Spinosad contains a mix of two spinosoids, spinosyn A, the major component, and spinosyn D (the minor component), in a roughly 17:3 ratio.

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