Sodium cyanide
Sodium cyanide is a poisonous compound with the formula NaCN. It is a white, water-soluble solid. Cyanide has a high affinity for metals, which leads to the high toxicity of this salt. Its main application, in gold mining, also exploits its high reactivity toward metals. It is a moderately strong base.
| Identifiers | |
|---|---|
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.005.091 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1689 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| NaCN | |
| Molar mass | 49.0072 g/mol |
| Appearance | white solid |
| Odor | faint almond-like |
| Density | 1.5955 g/cm3 |
| Melting point | 563.7 °C (1,046.7 °F; 836.9 K) |
| Boiling point | 1,496 °C (2,725 °F; 1,769 K) |
| 48.15 g/100 mL (10 °C) 63.7 g/100 mL (25 °C) | |
| Solubility | soluble in ammonia, methanol, ethanol very slightly soluble in dimethylformamide, SO2 insoluble in dimethyl sulfoxide |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.452 |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) |
70.4 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
115.6 J·mol−1·K−1 |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−87.5 kJ·mol−1 |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
−76.4 kJ·mol−1 |
Enthalpy of fusion (ΔfH⦵fus) |
8.79 kJ·mol−1 |
| Hazards | |
| GHS labelling: | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Flash point | Non-flammable |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LD50 (median dose) |
6.44 mg/kg (rat, oral) 4 mg/kg (sheep, oral) 15 mg/kg (mammal, oral) 8 mg/kg (rat, oral) |
| NIOSH (US health exposure limits): | |
PEL (Permissible) |
TWA 5 mg/m3 |
REL (Recommended) |
C 5 mg/m3 (4.7 ppm) [10-minute] |
IDLH (Immediate danger) |
25 mg/m3 (as CN) |
| Safety data sheet (SDS) | ICSC 1118 |
| Related compounds | |
Other cations |
Potassium cyanide |
Related compounds |
Hydrogen cyanide |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |
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