Silver nitrate
Silver nitrate is an inorganic compound with chemical formula AgNO
3. It is a versatile precursor to many other silver compounds, such as those used in photography. It is far less sensitive to light than the halides. It was once called lunar caustic because silver was called luna by ancient alchemists who associated silver with the moon. In solid silver nitrate, the silver ions are three-coordinated in a trigonal planar arrangement.
| Names | |
|---|---|
| IUPAC name
Silver nitrate | |
| Systematic IUPAC name
Silver(I) nitrate | |
| Other names
Nitric acid silver(1+) salt Lapis infernalis Argentous nitrate | |
| Identifiers | |
3D model (JSmol) |
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| ChEBI | |
| ChEMBL | |
| ChemSpider | |
| ECHA InfoCard | 100.028.958 |
| EC Number |
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PubChem CID |
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| RTECS number |
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| UNII | |
| UN number | 1493 |
CompTox Dashboard (EPA) |
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| Properties | |
| AgNO3 | |
| Molar mass | 169.872 g·mol−1 |
| Appearance | colorless solid |
| Odor | Odorless |
| Density | 4.35 g/cm3 (24 °C) 3.97 g/cm3 (210 °C) |
| Melting point | 209.7 °C (409.5 °F; 482.8 K) |
| Boiling point | 440 °C (824 °F; 713 K) decomposes |
| 122 g/100 mL (0 °C) 170 g/100 mL (10 °C) 256 g/100 mL (25 °C) 373 g/100 mL (40 °C) 912 g/100 mL (100 °C) | |
| Solubility | Soluble in acetone, ammonia, ether, glycerol |
| Solubility in acetic acid | 0.776 g/kg (30 °C) 1.244 g/kg (40 °C) 5.503 g/kg (93 °C) |
| Solubility in acetone | 0.35 g/100 g (14 °C) 0.44 g/100 g (18 °C) |
| Solubility in benzene | 0.22 g/kg (35 °C) 0.44 g/kg (40.5 °C) |
| Solubility in ethanol | 3.1 g/100 g (19 °C) |
| Solubility in ethyl acetate | 2.7 g/100 g (20 °C) |
| log P | 0.19 |
| −45.7·10−6 cm3/mol | |
Refractive index (nD) |
1.744 |
| Viscosity | 3.77 cP (244 °C) 3.04 cP (275 °C) |
| Structure | |
| Orthorhombic, oP56 | |
| P212121, No. 19 | |
| 222 | |
a = 6.992(2) Å, b = 7.335(2) Å, c = 10.125(2) Å α = 90°, β = 90°, γ = 90° | |
| Thermochemistry | |
Heat capacity (C) |
93.1 J/mol·K |
Std molar entropy (S⦵298) |
140.9 J/mol·K |
Std enthalpy of formation (ΔfH⦵298) |
−124.4 kJ/mol |
Gibbs free energy (ΔfG⦵) |
−33.4 kJ/mol |
| Pharmacology | |
| D08AL01 (WHO) | |
| Hazards | |
| Occupational safety and health (OHS/OSH): | |
Main hazards |
Reacts explosively with ethanol. Toxic. Corrosive. |
| GHS labelling: | |
| Danger | |
| H272, H314, H410 | |
| P220, P273, P280, P305+P351+P338, P310, P501 | |
| NFPA 704 (fire diamond) | |
| Lethal dose or concentration (LD, LC): | |
LDLo (lowest published) |
800 mg/kg (rabbit, oral) 20 mg/kg (dog, oral) |
Except where otherwise noted, data are given for materials in their standard state (at 25 °C [77 °F], 100 kPa).
Infobox references | |
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