Semiring

In abstract algebra, a semiring is an algebraic structure. It is a generalization of a ring, dropping the requirement that each element must have an additive inverse. At the same time, it is a generalization of bounded distributive lattices.

Algebraic structure → Ring theory Ring theory
Basic concepts Rings • Subrings • Ideal • Quotient ring • Fractional ideal • Total ring of fractions • Product of rings • Free product of associative algebras • Tensor product of algebras Ring homomorphisms • Kernel • Inner automorphism • Frobenius endomorphism Algebraic structures • Module • Associative algebra • Graded ring • Involutive ring • Category of rings • Initial ring $\mathbb {Z}$ • Terminal ring $0=\mathbb {Z} _{1}$ Related structures • Field • Finite field • Non-associative ring • Lie ring • Jordan ring • Semiring • Semifield
Commutative algebra Commutative rings • Integral domain • Integrally closed domain • GCD domain • Unique factorization domain • Principal ideal domain • Euclidean domain • Field • Finite field • Composition ring • Polynomial ring • Formal power series ring Algebraic number theory • Algebraic number field • Ring of integers • Algebraic independence • Transcendental number theory • Transcendence degree p-adic number theory and decimals • Direct limit/Inverse limit • Zero ring $\mathbb {Z} _{1}$ • Integers modulo pⁿ $\mathbb {Z} /p^{n}\mathbb {Z}$ • Prüfer p-ring $\mathbb {Z} (p^{\infty })$ • Base-p circle ring $\mathbb {T}$ • Base-p integers $\mathbb {Z}$ • p-adic rationals $\mathbb {Z} [1/p]$ • Base-p real numbers $\mathbb {R}$ • p-adic integers $\mathbb {Z} _{p}$ • p-adic numbers $\mathbb {Q} _{p}$ • p-adic solenoid $\mathbb {T} _{p}$ Algebraic geometry • Affine variety
Noncommutative algebra Noncommutative rings • Division ring • Semiprimitive ring • Simple ring • Commutator Noncommutative algebraic geometry Free algebra Clifford algebra • Geometric algebra Operator algebra

The smallest semiring that is not a ring is the two-element Boolean algebra, e.g. with logical disjunction $\lor$ as addition. A motivating example that is neither a ring nor a lattice is the set of natural numbers $\mathbb {N}$ under ordinary addition and multiplication, when including the number zero. Semirings are abundant, because a suitable multiplication operation arises as the function composition of endomorphisms over any commutative monoid.

The theory of (associative) algebras over commutative rings can be generalized to one over commutative semirings.

Algebraic structures
Group-like Group Semigroup / Monoid Rack and quandle Quasigroup and loop Abelian group Magma Lie group Group theory
Ring-like Ring Rng Semiring Near-ring Commutative ring Domain Integral domain Field Division ring Lie ring Ring theory
Lattice-like Lattice Semilattice Complemented lattice Total order Heyting algebra Boolean algebra Map of lattices Lattice theory
Module-like Module Group with operators Vector space Linear algebra
Algebra-like Algebra Associative Non-associative Composition algebra Lie algebra Graded Bialgebra Hopf algebra

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