Schizotypal personality disorder

Schizotypal personality disorder
Schizotypal personality disorder
Other names	Schizotypal disorder
Specialty	Psychiatry, clinical psychology
Symptoms	Ideas of reference, unusual beliefs, perceptual Illusions, odd thinking and speech, suspiciousness, inappropriate affect, strange behavior, lack of friends, paranoid social anxiety, dissociation (e.g. derealization, depersonalization, amnesia, fugue, etc.)
Complications	Schizophrenia, substance use disorder, major depressive disorder
Usual onset	10–20 year old
Duration	Lifelong
Causes	Genetics; childhood neglect; childhood abuse
Risk factors	Family history
Diagnostic method	Based on symptoms
Differential diagnosis	Cluster A personality disorders, borderline personality disorder, avoidant personality disorder, autism spectrum disorder, social anxiety disorder, ADHD-PI (ADD), dissociative identity disorder,
Treatment	Cognitive-behavioral therapy, Metacognitive therapy, Cognitive remediation therapy
Medication	Antipsychotics, Antidepressants
Prognosis	Typically poor, although significant improvements can be made
Frequency	Estimated 3% of general population

Schizotypal personality disorder (StPD or SPD), also known as schizotypal disorder, is a cluster A personality disorder. The Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) classification describes the disorder specifically as a personality disorder characterized by thought disorder, paranoia, a characteristic form of social anxiety, derealization, transient psychosis, and unconventional beliefs. People with this disorder feel pronounced discomfort in forming and maintaining social connections with other people, primarily due to the belief that other people harbor negative thoughts and views about them. Peculiar speech mannerisms and socially unexpected modes of dress are also characteristic. Schizotypal people may react oddly in conversations, not respond, or talk to themselves. They frequently interpret situations as being strange or having unusual meanings for them; paranormal and superstitious beliefs are common. Schizotypal people usually disagree with the suggestion that their thoughts and behaviors are a 'disorder' and seek medical attention for depression or anxiety instead. Schizotypal personality disorder occurs in approximately 3% of the general population and is more commonly diagnosed in males.

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