SAMHD1

SAMHD1
Available structures
PDB	Ortholog search: PDBe RCSB
List of PDB id codes
	2E8O, 3U1N, 4BZB, 4BZC, 4CC9, 4MZ7, 4Q7H, 4QFX, 4QFY, 4QFZ, 4QG0, 4QG1, 4QG2, 4QG4, 4RXO, 4RXP, 4RXQ, 4RXR, 4RXS, 4TNP, 4TNQ, 4TNR, 4TNX, 4TNY, 4TNZ, 4TO0, 4TO1, 4TO2, 4TO3, 4TO4, 4TO5, 4TO6, 4ZWE, 4ZWG, 5AO4, 5AO1, 5AO0, 5AO2, 5AO3
Identifiers
Aliases	SAMHD1, CHBL2, DCIP, HDDC1, MOP-5, SBBI88, SAM and HD domain containing deoxynucleoside triphosphate triphosphohydrolase 1, hSAMHD1
External IDs	OMIM: 606754 MGI: 1927468 HomoloGene: 9160 GeneCards: SAMHD1
Gene location (Human)
Chr.	Chromosome 20 (human)
End	36,951,893 bp
Gene location (Mouse)
Chr.	Chromosome 2 (mouse)
End	156,977,185 bp
RNA expression pattern
	Top expressed in
	monocyte; ; pericardium; ; bronchial epithelial cell; ; lower lobe of lung; ; palpebral conjunctiva; ; tibial nerve; ; trigeminal ganglion; ; visceral pleura; ; superficial temporal artery; ; gastric mucosa;
	Top expressed in
	spleen; ; blood; ; yolk sac; ; jejunum; ; duodenum; ; right lung; ; submandibular gland; ; right lung lobe; ; primitive streak; ; subcutaneous adipose tissue;
	More reference expression data
	More reference expression data
Gene ontology
Molecular function	zinc ion binding; metal ion binding; protein binding; catalytic activity; dGTP binding; RNA binding; nucleic acid binding; dGTPase activity; hydrolase activity; ribonuclease activity; triphosphoric monoester hydrolase activity; identical protein binding; nucleotide binding; single-stranded DNA binding; GTP binding;
Cellular component	plasma membrane; intracellular anatomical structure; nucleoplasm; nucleus; chromosome; site of double-strand break; tetraspanin-enriched microdomain;
Biological process	regulation of innate immune response; immune system process; dATP catabolic process; dGTP catabolic process; defense response to virus; type I interferon signaling pathway; immune response; metabolism; innate immune response; protein homotetramerization; RNA phosphodiester bond hydrolysis; deoxyribonucleotide catabolic process; double-strand break repair via homologous recombination; DNA replication; DNA repair; cellular response to DNA damage stimulus; somatic hypermutation of immunoglobulin genes; negative regulation of type I interferon-mediated signaling pathway; DNA strand resection involved in replication fork processing;
	Sources:Amigo / QuickGO
Orthologs
	25939
	56045
	ENSG00000101347
	ENSMUSG00000027639
	Q9Y3Z3
	Q60710
	NM_015474; NM_001363729; NM_001363733
	NM_001139520; NM_018851; NM_001370610
	NP_056289; NP_001350658; NP_001350662
	NP_001132992; NP_061339; NP_001357539
	Wikidata
View/Edit Human	View/Edit Mouse

SAM domain and HD domain-containing protein 1 is a protein that in humans is encoded by the SAMHD1 gene. SAMHD1 is a cellular enzyme, responsible for blocking replication of HIV in dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes and resting CD4⁺ T lymphocytes. It is an enzyme that exhibits phosphohydrolase activity, converting deoxynucleoside triphosphates (dNTPs) to inorganic phosphate (iPPP) and a 2'-deoxynucleoside (i.e. deoxynucleosides without a phosphate group). In doing so, SAMHD1 depletes the pool of dNTPs available to a reverse transcriptase for viral cDNA synthesis and thus prevents viral replication. SAMHD1 has also shown nuclease activity. Although a ribonuclease activity was described to be required for HIV-1 restriction, recent data confirmed that SAMHD1-mediated HIV-1 restriction in cells does not involve ribonuclease activity.

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